| measured drift | — | predicted drift | — |
| magnetic moment μ = mv⊥²/2B | — | kinetic energy | — |
red = true orbit · blue = guiding centre · green = predicted drift direction. Everything is in normalised units (q/m = 1, B₀ = 1, so the gyrofrequency ωc = 1 and the gyroradius equals v⊥).