40
7
exact cycloid

Charged particle in crossed fields E = ŷ, B = ẑ (q = m = 1), started at rest. Exact solution: x = ωt − sin ωt, y = 1 − cos ωt. Forward Euler gains energy and spirals outward; backward Euler loses energy; leapfrog stays on the cycloid. Drop the steps-per-period slider and watch who survives.